The Population Peak: Scientists Project Earth’s Population to Hit 10.3 Billion by 2080s

By: Georgia | Published: Jul 17, 2024

By the mid-2080s, Earth will be home to a staggering 10.3 billion people. Scientists have pinpointed this period as a critical juncture, marking the peak of humanity’s growth spurt.

The UN’s latest findings suggest that once we hit this peak, the global population landscape will begin to transform.

A Tripled World

Since the 1950s, our global population has skyrocketed from 2.5 billion to over 8 billion today.

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This isn’t just a statistic; it’s a testament to how our lives, cities, and the environment have morphed under the weight of humanity’s expansion.

Changing Projections

John Wilmoth from the UN Population Division puts it starkly: “This is a major change compared to the United Nations projections from a decade earlier.”

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This shift in population projections reflects deeper changes in how we understand our future growth patterns.

When Will It Peak?

Now, there’s an 80% chance the global population will max out before the century’s end, up dramatically from just 30% ten years ago.

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It seems experts are more certain than ever that a population plateau is on the horizon.

China's Shrinking Numbers

China is set for a significant turnaround, with its population expected to plummet from today’s 1.4 billion to just 633 million by 2100.

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The fertility rate there hasn’t bounced back since it dropped below the replacement level in the late 90s, signaling a major demographic transformation.

Fertility on the Decline Globally

Globally, the trend is similar: the number of children each woman is having has fallen to levels not enough to sustain current population numbers.

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This pattern, beginning in the 1990s, is now evident in over half the world’s countries.

Immigration Filling the Gaps

According to Li Junhua, “In some countries, the birth rate is now even lower than previously anticipated, and we are also seeing slightly faster declines in some high-fertility regions.”

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Immigration has become a critical factor in bolstering populations where birth rates are falling.

Population Peaks and Declines

A total of 63 countries have already seen their highest population numbers and are now anticipating a collective decline of 14% over the next three decades.

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Nations like China, Germany, and Japan are at the forefront of this demographic downturn.

Britain's Population Projections

The UK is projected to reach its population peak in 2072 with over 76 million residents.

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Post-peak, a gentle decline is expected, mirroring trends in many other developed nations.

U.S. Still Growing

Contrasting with many, the U.S., alongside countries like India and Nigeria, expects to see continued population growth until at least 2054.

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This sustained increase is quite different from the declines projected for other parts of the world.

Doubling Down in Developing Regions

The UN forecasts dramatic population increases in several developing nations.

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Angola, Congo, Nigeria, and others are set to double their populations in just 30 years, highlighting stark demographic divides.

A Shift Toward Sustainability?

“The earlier and lower peak is a hopeful sign. This could mean reduced environmental pressures from human impacts due to lower aggregate consumption. However, slower population growth will not eliminate the need to reduce the average impact attributable to the activities of each individual person,” says UN under-secretary Mr. Junhua.

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His words illustrate the complex challenges and potential benefits of these shifting demographics.